Phonics is a method of teaching reading and writing by developing learners' ability to hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes—the individual sounds in spoken words—and understanding how these sounds correspond to letters and spelling patterns. This approach enhances phonemic awareness and helps children decode words by blending sounds, ultimately improving reading fluency, spelling proficiency, and comprehension. Phonics instruction is essential in early literacy education, providing a strong foundation for confident and effective reading and writing.